Aman Rice Research Articles

Genome-wide association studies of salinity tolerance in local aman rice.

The present study aimed to identify and characterize new sources of salt tolerance among 94 rice varieties from varied geographic origins. The genotypes were divided into five groups based on their morphological characteristics at both vegetative and reproductive stages using salinity scores from the Standard Evaluation System (SES). The experiment was designed as per CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 2 sets of salinity treatments for 8 dS/meter and 12 dS/meter, respectively compared with one non-salinized control set. Using a Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meter, assessments of the apparent chlorophyll content (greenness) of the genotypes were done to comprehend the mechanism underlying their salt tolerance. To evaluate molecular genetic diversity, a panel of 1 K RiCA SNP markers was employed. Utilizing TASSEL 5.0 software, 598 filtered SNPs were used for molecular analysis. Whole-genome association studies (GWAS) were also used to investigate panicle number per plant (pn, tiller number per plant (till), SPAD value (spad), sterility (percent) (str), plant height (ph) and panicle length (pl. It is noteworthy that these characteristics oversee conveying the visible signs of salt damage in rice. Based on genotype data, diversity analysis divided the germplasm groups into four distinct clusters (I, II, III and IV). For the traits studied, thirteen significant marker-trait associations were discovered. According to the phenotypic screening, seven germplasm genotypes namely Koijuri, Asha, Kajal, Kaliboro, Hanumanjata, Akundi and Dular, are highly tolerant to salinity stress. The greenness of these genotypes was found to be more stable over time, indicating that these genotypes are more resistant to stress. Regarding their tolerance levels, the GWAS analysis produced comparable results, supporting that salinity-tolerant genotypes having minor alleles in significant SNP positions showed more greenness during the stress period. The Manhattan plot demonstrated that at the designated significant SNP position, the highly tolerant genotypes shared common alleles. These genotypes could therefore be seen as important genomic resources for accelerating the development and release of rice varieties that are tolerant to salinity.

Growth and Yield of Transplant Aman Rice (BRRI dhan38) as Affected by Weeding and Zinc Level

Growth and Yield of Transplant Aman Rice (BRRI dhan38) as Affected by Weeding and Zinc Level

Quantifying canopy nitrogen of Aman rice utilizing multi-temporal unmanned aerial systems

Timely and precise monitoring of canopy nutrient status is critical for rice production. Advancement in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sensing technology has great potential in monitoring and assessing crops. This study quantified canopy nitrogen (N) using a multispectral sensing in a field experiment. The experiment comprised seven treatments including different doses and sources of N. The UAV data was collected at different phenological stages from three consecutive rice seasons e.g., Boro (Winter, 2020–21), Aman (monsoon 2021), and Boro (Winter, 2021–22). The popular rice varieties Binadhan-7 and BRRI dhan29 were cultivated for Aman and Boro rice, respectively. The vegetation indices (VIs) increased with the growth of crops and were the highest at 50 DAT in all the treatments. The RD with 25 % more N showed significantly higher values for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), chlorophyll vegetation index (CVI), simple ratio (SR), optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI), and green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) leading to excessive vegetative growth. The model for estimating canopy N percent was based on NDVI and observed nitrogen with a R2 value of 0.74. The model was validated against N percent of Boro rice (2020–21) with a R2 value of 0.78 and RMSE 0.09 and N percent of Boro rice (2021–22) R2 value of 0.75 and RMSE 0.10. In biochar treatment, the highest level of canopy N was observed, followed by cow dung and USG treatments. The study revealed that 25 % more N than RD instigates vegetative growth and canopy nitrogen was highest in biochar treatment.

Agro-Economic Productivity of Transplant Aman Rice – Rabi Crop – Dry Direct Seeded Boro Rice Patterns in Old Brahmaputra Agroecological Zone of Bangladesh

Dry direct seeding is an alternative rice establishment system that saves 60% irrigation water, reduces greenhouse gas emission and increases farm income. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the agro-economic performance of transplanted (T.) aman rice – Rabi crops – dry direct seeded (DDS) boro rice patterns. Nine cropping patterns namely, i. T. aman rice - Mustard - DDS boro rice, ii. T. aman rice - Potato - DDS boro rice, iii. T. aman rice - Field pea - DDS boro rice, iv. T. aman rice - French bean - DDS boro rice, v. T. aman rice - Spinach - DDS boro rice, vi. T. aman rice - Garden pea - DDS boro rice, vii. T. aman rice – Tomato - DDS boro rice, viii. T. aman rice- Broccoli - DDS boro rice and ix. T. aman rice – Cabbage - DDS boro rice were used in the study using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that cropping pattern did not have any significant effect on the yield and related attributes of the DDS boro rice. The highest rice equivalent yield (19.69 t ha-1) was obtained with T. aman rice –cabbage – DDS boro rice pattern while the lowest (13.17 t ha-1) with T. aman rice-garden pea – DDS boro rice pattern. In respect to benefit cost ratio (BCR), the highest value (1.71) was found with T. aman rice – Cabbage – DDS boro rice pattern while the lowest (1.46) with T. aman rice – Field pea – DDS boro rice pattern. It may be concluded that the yield of boro rice is similar in different T. aman rice – Rabi crops – DDS boro rice patterns and T. aman rice – Cabbage – DDS boro rice appeared as the best pattern for obtaining highest crop productivity and economic return.

Profitability of Transplanted Aman rice cultivation in some selected areas of the southern part of Bangladesh

The research aimed to assess the profitability of Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) rice cultivation in the southern region of Bangladesh. Specifically, it sought to identify the most successful service providers and evaluate the financial viability of T. Aman rice cultivation in the study area. Data collection involved 118 randomly selected respondents, including farmers, dealers, and marketers. The overall cost of production per hectare, as determined by primary data analysis, came to Tk. 34,869.76. Furthermore, 2,149.00 kg of T. Aman rice were produced on average per acre. The resultant Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.26 means that for every taka invested in T. Aman production yielded Tk. 1.26 in return. Gross returns were determined to be Tk. 43,882.58, resulting in net returns of Tk. 9,013.58. The findings underscored the profitability of T. Aman rice cultivation in the southern region of Bangladesh, as evidenced by the favorable results of the cost-benefit analysis. It is recommended to utilize contemporary inputs such as high-quality seeds, fertilizers, efficient labor, power tillers, pesticides, and timely irrigation to enhance output and profitability. Timely and effective utilization of these inputs is crucial for maximizing output and profitability in T. Aman rice cultivation.

Late Sowing and Irrigation Cutback Effects on Yield and Economic Performances of Dry Direct Seeded Boro Rice

Dry direct seeding (DDS) is a water saving rice cultivation technology. The sowing of dry direct seeded rice in boro season is generally delayed when grown under the T. aman rice – Rabi crops – DDS boro rice pattern. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of sowing date and irrigation schedule on growth and yield of DDS boro rice. The experiment used two sets of treatments (a) two sowing dates viz. 22 February and 13 March; and (b) six irrigation regimes viz. no irrigation, one irrigation at 25% Field Capacity (FC), two irrigations at 25% FC and 1 week after (WA) 25% FC, three irrigations at 25% FC, 1WA 25% FC and 2 WA 25% FC, four irrigations at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC and one irrigation at 3 weeks after 25% FC and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications allocating sowing dates into the main plot and irrigation schedule into the subplots. BRRI dhan58 was used as test crop. The result showed that grain yield of the crop did not differ significantly for sowing on 13 March and 22 February. The study revealed that BRRI dhan58 sown on 13 March with four irrigations applied at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC produced the highest economic return and hence it is concluded that the sowing date of boro rice could be delayed up to 13 March with four irrigations. SAARC J. Agric., 21(2): 67-80 (2023)

Effect of Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Boro and T. Aman Rice in the Soils of Industrially Polluted Agricultural Land Areas of Madhupur

A pot experiment was conducted during 2018-19 in a net house at the Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, to determine fertilizer's effect on the growth and yield of Boro and T. Aman rice in the soils of industrially polluted agricultural land areas of Madhupur Tract. The study consisted of two factors, i.e., polluted soil viz., S1: Non-polluted soil, S2: polluted soil-1, S3: polluted soil-2, S4: polluted soil-3, and four fertilizer treatments viz., T0: Control, T1: N150P30K60S20Zn3.0 (100%RDCF), T2: N105P21K42S14Zn2.1 (70%RDCF) T3: N75P15K30S10Zn1.5(50%RDCF) The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Among the soils, the highest Boro rice grain yield of 90.83 g pot-1 was found in S2 (polluted soil-1) soil, and the lowest 41.66 g pot-1 in soil S1 (Non-polluted soil). The treatment T3(50% RDCF) fertilizer treatment gave the highest plant height (84.12 cm), effective tillers (42.5 hill–1), straw (112.58g pot –1) and grain yield (80.03g pot−1) of Boro rice. The higher grain and straw yields of Boro rice were obtained from two industrially polluted soils (S2 and S4). The maximum   grain yield (112.3g pot–1)  of Boro was  found in S2T3 (Contaminated soil 1 and 50% RDCF) , which was statistically similar to S4T2 and S4T3  and lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination. The maximum  T. Aman grain yield (38.75gpot−1) was obtained in soil S2 (polluted soil-1), which at par  to S4 (polluted soil-3). The maximum  T. Aman rice grain yield (36.68 g pot−1) was found in the T2 treatment, which was closely by  T1 treatment. Similarly, the maximum  T. Aman grain yield was obtained in S2T1 (Contaminated soil 1 and 100% RDCF)  which was statistically similar to S2T2, S4T1, and S4T2  and lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination. The highest T. Aman straw yield was found in the S3T1  and lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 112-121

Conservation agriculture's impact on total and labile organic carbon pools in calcareous and non-calcareous floodplain soils under a sub-tropical rice-based system.

To evaluate the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) on SOC pools and their lability, field experiments (2015-2020) were conducted on contrasting soils under subtropical climates. The experiment on non-calcareous soils, was comprised of tillage (minimum [MT] vs. conventional [CT]) in main plots, cropping systems (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]-Aus and Aman rice [Oryza sativa L.], WRR; Lentil [Lens culinaris]-Aus and Aman rice, LRR; and Mustard [Brassica nigra]- Boro and Aman rice, MRR) in the sub-plots, and crop residue (with or without 20% residue) in the sub-sub plots. The experiment on calcareous soils, was comprised of tillage (strip-till, ST; no-till, NT; and CT) and crop residue (high residue, HR at 50% by height vs. low residue, LR at 15%). Results showed that the MT had higher SOC contents by 18.8% than the CT in non-calcareous soils. Likewise, SOC was 12.5% and 6.7% higher in the NT and ST, respectively, than in the CT in calcareous soils. Significantly higher particulate organic (POC), permanganate oxidizable (POXC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were observed in the MT, NT, and ST than in the CT at both locations. Reduced tillage with residue retention under LRR had a higher SOC, including labile C pools compared to WRR and MRR systems. Similarly, carbon management index (1.2-1.5 and 1.0-1.2) in both soils had significant positive correlations with SOC lability via POXC, POC, and MBC pools, indicating a SOC sequestration potential. In conclusion, our results showed positive effects of CA on SOC and its lability across soils.

Efficacy of Herbicide Mixtures for Transplanted Aman Rice in Silty Clay Loam Soil of Bangladesh

Weed management plays an important role in obtaining target yield. A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July to December 2019 to get the most effective weed control strategy for transplanted Aman rice. The soil of the study field was silty clay loam in nature. The study consisted of two factors i.e., variety (4: Chinigura, BR11(Mukta), BRRI dhan56, and BRRI hybrid dhan6) and herbicide (4) viz., Bispyribac-sodium WP @ 150 g ha-1, Acetochlor 14% + Bensulfuron methyl 4% WP @ 750 g ha-1, Pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron 0.15% WP @ 9.88 kg ha-1, and weedy check as a control. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Thirteen weed species were found in the experimental plots, mostly broadleaf and sedge. Monochoria vaginalis was the most dominant weed species. The study noticed that the application of mixed herbicides offered better weed control over single herbicide application. Application of Acetochlor 14% + Bensulfuron methyl 4% WP @ 750 g ha-1 significantly reduced weed density and biomass and was the best way of controlling complex weed flora. The study marked out BR11 (Mukta) as the most potential aman rice variety to produce the highest yields at applying Acetochlor 14% + Bensulfuron methyl 4% WP @ 750 g ha-1. This treatment gave the highest gross return (Tk. 1,46,010), net return (Tk. 88,699), and benefit-cost ratio (2.55). Therefore, the study suggests the application of mixed herbicides and BR11 (Mukta) to get the optimum yield of transplanted Aman rice and maximum economic benefit.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 56-74

EFFECT OF FREE-FLOATING PLANTS ON WEED EMERGENCE, GROWTH, AND YIELD OF TRANSPLANTED AMAN RICE VARIETIES

At Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University’s agronomy field in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a study was carried out from July to December 2019 to determine the suppressing capacity of floating weeds in T. aman rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consisted of two factors, namely, rice varieties (three), including Tulshimala, BR11(Mukta), and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) hybrid dhan6, and weed management (five), including weedy check (control), integrated weed management (IWM) (Pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron 0.15% and one hand weeding), spreading of Pistia stratiotes, Lemna minor, and Salvinia molesta in 0.5 m2 area in a split-plot design with three replications. The ranking of the relative rate of spreading over the experiment was L. minor > S. molesta > P. stratiotes. A total of six weed species representing five families were found from the transplanting to the later stage of rice growth, where the occurrence of weed infestation related to rice variety and crop growth. BRRI hybrid dhan6 significantly suppressed weeds in related plots. Although weed biomass was significantly reduced, the morphological and biomass characteristics of T. aman rice varieties got disadvantages when grown with P. stratiotes and S. molesta. Cultivation of BRRI hybrid dhan6 and weed control through IWM gave the highest grain yield (5.92 t ha-1). However, the spreading of L. minor facilitated optimal weed control, and good yields were harvested without significant differences, irrespective of varieties. Therefore, competitive weed variety should be considered along with the spreading of L. minor to reduce herbicide loads in the environment and to the evolution of cross-resistant weed populations.

Survival, Growth and Yield of Aman Rice Under Varied Duration of Submergence

Sixteen aman rice varieties were screened against two and three weeks of submergence based on their survival, growth and yield performance following split-plot design with three replications. Rice varieties AZ7006, BRRI dhan49, BRRI dhan52 and BRRI dhan57 exhibited the highest survival rate and minimum lodging that were associated with greater dry matter production under two weeks of submergence. Submergence affected the production of tillers, panicle and spikelets resulting lower grain yield than control. All the rice varieties except AZ7006 and BRRI dhan52 died under three weeks of submergence, where a small shoot of these varieties lived. These two varieties took longer time for producing shoot dry matter, tiller, panicle and maturity. Though they produced spikelets, but these were sterile due to low air temperature at flowering stage. Moreover, rice varieties BRRI dhan52, BRRI dhan57, BRRI dhan90 and AZ7006 under two weeks; and BRRI dhan52 and AZ7006 under three weeks of submergence acquired a combination of morphological and yield contributing response that ultimately induced a higher level of submergence tolerance. As the study revealed that BRRI dhan52 and AZ7006 were submergence tolerant, they could be incorporated in breeding program to develop rice variety for submergence tolerant up to three weeks. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2022) 26 (2) : 51-70

Period of effective catching of insect pests and natural enemies in light traps

Light trap helps to protect natural enemies and manage destructive insect pests in rice farming ecosystem. Light trapping time at night is not identified, for organic farming in farmers level its essential to identified proper timing at night. The experimental light trap was set up at Sagordi rice farm, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Barishal, during T. Aman rice season in 2019-2020. The time of catching insects by light trap were divided in six different times in a night and defined as treatments (T1= 17.20 to 18.20, T2= 18.20 to 19.20, T3= 19.20 to 20.20, T4 =20.20 to 21.20, T5=21.20 to 22.20, T6= 22.20 to rest of night insects caught at light trap) in this study. Each treatment has had four replications. Yellow sticky trap used to catch and trapped insect and natural enemyRice insect pests and their natural enemies were counted and recorded manually. The caught of yellow stem borer increased and green leafhopper were decreased from treatment, T1 to treatment, T6. During dusk to first four hours, the percentage of caught was approximately 69.28% insect pests. Overall, the percentages of insect pests trapping were 89.65% and natural enemies were 10.35% during the experimental period. The ratio of destructive insect pests caught was highest compared to that of natural enemies in light trap of rice ecosystem.

Influence of Climate Factors on Aman Rice Yield in Bangladesh: Co-Integration and Vector Error Correction Model Approach

Climate factors’ consequence on human performance has occurred as a worldwide apprehension in the earlier 30 years. This study explores climate factors’ influence on Aman rice production in Bangladesh. Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Model approximation procedure is applied to measure the climate-crop harvest interrelation on the basis of country-level time series data for the time 1972-2019. Changing in mean maximum and minimum temperature, annual men rainfall, and average humidity are used as characteristic variables for climate factors. The result of the vector error correction model denotes that both in the long-run and short-run, average maximum temperature and average total rainfall inversely affect Aman rice yield in Bangladesh respectively. Average minimum temperature and average humidity positively affect Aman rice production in the short run respectively. Fertilizers and irrigation have a positive influence on Aman rice yield in the short-run correspondingly. Conversely, labor has a robust negative consequence on Aman rice yield in the short-run in Bangladesh agriculture. Policymakers would develop policies to control temperature and introduce heat-tolerant rice varieties and adaptation measures to sustain Aman rice production in Bangladesh.

Impact of Fertilizer and Pesticide use on the Productivity of Seven Major Crop in the Kaliyaganj C D Block of Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal, India

The crops were cultivated in three distinct seasons of the Kaliyaganj C.D. Block in West Bengal. Present study was conducted on seven major crops (aman rice, boro rice, jute, maize, wheat, mustard and lentil) of the study area. The study was conducted during 2019 to 2020 cropping seasons. The objectives were to find out the impact of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and pesticide use on yield and productivity of these crops. The correlation and regression analysis were used to access the impact of three intermediate inputs (chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and pesticide) on the crop productivity. Student ‘t’ test was used for testing the significance of the correlation. The study was also undertaken to work out the relative economics of the crops by analyzing the input and output costs. For this above purpose, the input and output data were collected from 120 sample plots (within 18 villages) of the study area. After all, the results suggested a clear role of fertilizer and pesticide use on the crop productivity and showed the impact of pest attack on the crops.

Grain, Yield and Quality of Transplant Aman Rice and Soil Nutrients Status with Application of Fertilizers and Green Manures

A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during 2014 on transplant aman rice var. BR11 (Mukta) under different levels of chemical fertilizers and green manures to evaluate its grain yield, grain quality and soil fertility status with incorporation of green manures. The experiment was carried out in a split- plot design with three replications. The level of fertilizers (0, 100, 75, 50% of recommended dose, RFD) was placed in main -plot and levels of green manures management (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1 each Mimosa invisa (Lajjaboti) and Sesbania spp. (Dhaincha) in sub-plot. Recommended dose of fertilizers of 83N, 21P, 37K, 11S and 1.5 Zn kg ha-1, were applied in the form of urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum and zinc sulfate, respectively. Sixty-day old Mimosa invisa and Sesbania spp. were in - vitro incorporated before aman transplantation. Combined application of 75% RFD along with Mimosa invisa @ 10 t ha-1 was proved to be the best management in producing higher grain yield (7.25 t ha-1) and that was at par with treatment 50% RFD plus Mimosa invisa @ 10 t ha-1. Quality of grain was increased markedly in respect of amylose, carbohydrate, and protein as well. Furthermore, the treatment improved soil nutrient status in respect of organic matter, nitrogen, sulfur and Zn over no incorporations of green manures. So, addition of green manure like Mimosa invisa could cut fertilizer cost by 25-50%.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 67-72

Performance of Aman Rice Varieties Under Different Nutrient Management

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2017 to investigate the combined effect of poultry manure with inorganic fertilizers on the yield of BINA developed transplant Aman rice varieties. The experiment comprised three varieties viz. Binadhan-15, Binadhan-16 and Binadhan-17 with five nutrient management viz. Control (no application of manures and fertilizers), 100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (Urea-TSP-MoP-Gypsum-Zinc sulphate @ 150-110-70-60-5 kg ha-1) (RF), Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1, 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1, 50% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Number of total tillers hill-1 (13.37), number of effective tillers hill-1 (6.76), grains panicle-1 (107.86 cm), grain yield (6.97 t ha-1), straw yield (8.36 t ha-1), and harvest index (45.47%) were found to be the highest in Binadhan-17 and the highest weight of 1000-grain (27.32 g) was recorded in Binadhan-16. Among the nutrient management, 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 exhibited its superiority to other treatments in terms of number of total tillers hill-1(11.74), grains panicle-1 (115.26), 1000-grain weight (23.49 g), grain yield (6.57 t ha-1) and harvest index (48.20%). The highest grain yield (7.10 t ha-1) was found in Binadhan-17 with 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 and the lowest grain yield (5.32 t ha-1) was found in Binadhan-16 with control treatment. From the study, it can be concluded that Binadhan-17 fertilized with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 appears as the promising practice to obtain the highest grain yield.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 89-96

Rice Variety Preferences in Bangladesh – What is the Role of Public Breeders?

This study compared preferred rice varieties by millers and farmers in Bangladesh, hypothesizing that public breeders would focus on public goods like disease resistance, whereas private breeders would focus on profits in the entire chain. Primary data were collected from 99 farmers and 68 millers, who are among the key stakeholders in the rice production system. A four-point rating scale was designed to assess the level of preference for different traits of the selected rice varieties. It was found that farmers who prioritize disease resistance prefer the public over privately bred Aman rice varieties. In general, they prefer rice varieties that are high yielding, have high market value and are of short duration while millers prefer rice verities considering the size and shape, color, and milling performance of the grains. Most significantly, millers prefer privately bred rice varieties if compared to farmers. It can be concluded that public rice breeders should take efforts to also consider the needs of intermediaries in the chain.

Improvement of Mustard-Boro-T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern Through Replacing Crop Varieties For Tangail Region

The experiment was conducted at the farmers field of FSRD site Atia, Delduar, Tangail during two consecutive years of 2018-19 and 2019-20 to develop improved cropping pattern Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-14) - Boro (var. BRRI dhan29) - T.Aman rice (var. BRRI dhan72) and to compare its productivity and profitability against existing cropping pattern Mustard (var. Tori-7)- Boro (var. BRRI dhan29) - T.Aman rice (var. BR 11) through changing varieties of mustard and T.Aman rice with improved management practices. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. The improved management practice produced significantly higher yield in Mustard and T. Aman rice, respectively. The result showed that mean rice equivalent yield of improved cropping pattern was 16.80 t ha-1 which was 24 % higher than existing cropping pattern (13.50 t ha-1). Besides, production efficiency, land use efficiency, harvest index and profitability of improved cropping pattern was higher than farmers’ existing pattern. The mean gross return (Tk. 279720 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk. 104073 ha-1) were higher in improved cropping pattern compared to existing farmer’s pattern with only 7.82% extra cost. The marginal benefit cost ratio (4.05) also indicated the superiority of the improved cropping pattern over the farmers’ existing pattern. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(4): 397-406, December 2021

Effect of Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Local Aman Rice Cultivar

Aims: Transplant (T) aman is occupying a major portion of rice based cropping system in Sylhet region, Bangladesh. Still majority of farmers are circled to cultivate local T. aman rice cultivars, but the overall yield is very low. Agronomic management can be a good option to boost up the yield potential of these local cultivars. This study was conducted to observe the influence of planting geometry on the yield of local aman cultivars.
 Study Design: Randomized complete block design.
 Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted to find out optimum plant density of local cultivars of T. aman rice during the period from August 2017 to December 2017 at farmer’s field located at Jointapur, Sylhet.
 Methodology: The study were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design considering four rice cultivars viz. Beruin (V1), Moinasail (V2), Nagrasail (V3) and, BRRI dhan49 (Control, check variety) (V4) and four plant spacings viz. (15 × 15) cm (S1), (20 × 15) cm (S2), (20 × 20) cm (S3) and (20×25) cm (S4).
 Results: The results indicated that the highest grain yield were recorded in (2.65 t ha-1) in the variety V4, which was statistically similar with V3 (2.60 t ha-1). The highest grain yield (2.87 t ha-1) was obtained (V4 × S4) while the lowest (1.58 t ha-1) from (V1 × S1). Among the local varieties highest grain yield (2.64 t ha-1) recorded in (V3 × S4) which was statistically similar (V4 × S4).
 Conclusion: Outcomes of the study revealed that Nagrasail (V3) with (20 × 25) cm plant spacing is a promising option, and isthe best one for local T. aman cultivar cultivation in Sylhet region.

Cultivation of red cabbage in Coastal Shyamnagar and Kaligonj upazilla subsumed by Nowabenki Gonomukhi Foundation

NGF working to disseminate new technology and new crop in the coastal saline area. Farmer generally get Aman rice then field become highly saline but using new climatic resilient technique farmer can cultivate Rabi crop in the specific area. For increasing production and cropping pattern it is crying need to introduce new high valued, short durational crop to this area. As a result NGF demonstrate different new crop in the farmer field. Farmer adopt Red Cabbage as high valued crop.